TranslationThe art of translating between English and Mandarin Chinese
As most people have already discovered, Google Translate cannot be used to converse, nor can it be used to translate documents. The differences between English and Chinese are vast: the sentence structures are different; spacing and pacing are quite different; the vocabulary does not translate on a one-to-one basis; English is an expansive, complicated language; Chinese is an elegant and dense language; Chinese lacks some of the expressiveness that English enjoys; Chinese has neither gender-specific pronouns nor tenses. The two languages cannot be and will never be programmatically translatable. Only a professional translator can take a document in one language and render it in the other.
Stephanie Mann is a fluent writer in both English and Mandarin Chinese, both in its Simplified Form (mainland China) and its Traditional From (Taiwan). You can rely on Interstood to translate your documents and preserve the pace and meaning and feel of the original document. Here is an example of a translation; this example deals with a fictional couple who require a Prenuptial Agreement.
Original, English Legal Document
Prenuptial Agreement
I, John Doe (hereinafter referred to as John), am a divorced 33 year old male U.S. citizen who is planning marriage to Jane Chou (hereinafter referred to as Jane). Jane is a divorced 38 year old Chinese national female.
Jane came to the United States on an R B1/B2 visitors Visa which was issued August 5, 2014. Ostensibly she came to visit her younger sister, Jill, who is married to a U.S. citizen living in Elsewhere, MI.
John met Jane through “Match.com” an internet based dating site which was arranged and curated by Jennifer. Jane and John met 2 or 3 times during the summer of 2015. John spends winters in Florida and did not continue to have further contact with Jane until May of 2016. John contacted Jennifer to see if Jane was still in the United States. Jane was still here and was interested in meeting again. Jane was staying with a Chinese family in Oakland County and her U.S. Visa had expired. She was planning to return to China after the family no longer needed her services as a child caregiver and domestic. They saw each other on the 4 days a month that she had off. In the process John came to understand her situation and desire to remain in the United States. John found Jane’s company, personality, and temperament to be appealing. They chose to continue dating.
On July 1, 2016 John arranged and paid for a meeting with a bilingual immigration attorney to discuss possible solutions for Jane’s residency status in the United States since her Visa had expired. Jane, Jennifer, and John attended that meeting. It became evident that marriage was the most direct step in resolving the Visa concerns.
Jane quit her duties as a domestic mid-September of 2016 and has been living with John since that date. She has been working with her family members in China to obtain her divorce papers. Our relationship has been cordial as we live day to day as a couple. The language difference is an obstacle. Jane has been diligent in her English studies.
John’s only marriage was dissolved on October 1, 2004 and he had not planned to marry again. He is not against being married to allow him to keep Jane in his life, but having experienced the financial ramifications of divorce he was deeply concerned. Consequently, he found it necessary to create this prenuptial agreement in order to provide a legacy for his children and still recognize Jane as an important part of his potential future.
Before setting forth the financial portion of this agreement John would like it recognized what accrues to Jane by marriage to him:
- Jane will be put on the path to United States Citizenship. She also becomes eligible for government benefits as a Resident Alien. In addition she can become eligible to sponsor other family members to immigrate to the United States.
- She will be able to apply for Social Security Survivors Benefits after John’s death.
- Jane is not being asked to demonstrate or share her assets and resources that she has in China
- Jane will be the recipient of significant support in learning to speak, write, and read English as John will be paying for class tuition and conducting direct tutoring (John is an experienced educator).
- Jane will not be contributing, in any way, to the financial resources of the marriage. Virtually all marital income is anticipated to be provided by John. All real property and financial assets are those of John accumulated and inherited prior to the marriage.
- It also should be noted that Jane elected to have a portion of John’s income be sent to relatives in China now rather than be set aside for her.
John is aware of the potential emotional and financial risk of being a “Green Card Husband”. Add to that the difficulty of language and cultural differences bring to a relationship. His relatives, friends, and his own prior knowledge bring these concerns into his thought process. He hopes that he and Jane can overcome those relationship risks and have a happy marriage. But if they are not successful then this prenuptial agreement is intended to define the outcomes for both of them. This agreement also defines the distribution of our respective assets upon death.
John values Jane as a potential wife and hopes that she understands and will accept his need to have this agreement.
Jane, Jennifer, and John have discussed the contract components over a 4 week period and John made adjustments where he could and has declined some change requests. The choice to agree or not is now Jane’s. She is also herewith reminded that she is free to consult with an independent attorney of her own.
It is to be noted that except as otherwise provided below, John and Jane wave the following rights
- To share in each other’s estates upon their death.
- To spousal maintenance, both temporary and permanent.
- To share in the increase in value during the marriage of the separate property of the parties.
- To share in the pension or other retirement accounts of the other.
- To the division of the separate property of the parties, whether currently held or hereafter acquired.
If John dies prior Jane (and they are still married) she is to receive from John’s estate settlement:
- Any and all monies held at/by Fubar Bank in John’s name or jointly with Jane. The aggregate value of these accounts will be $100,000 or more. If for some reason the aggregate amount is less than $15,000 then the difference is to be provided from John’s estate.
- 00250% of the estate for each month they had been married, commencing after the death of her mother or Jane becoming a US Citizen (whichever may occur first). The money due Jane should first be transferred from John’s Dowecheatem IRA account balance to an IRA account created for Jane. The total accumulation due Jane is limited to a maximum 33% of John’s estate (less debts and expenses). The remaining estate (after Jane’s distribution) is to be divided equally between John’s only natural children.
- Any and all furniture in the Oakverpriced Condominium (or succeeding Michigan residence) that Jane may choose to keep.
- The automobile held in her name. The automobile that she will drive will be titled in her name. It is assumed that Jane will be the holder of a valid Michigan driver’s license for this item to be carried out.
If Jane dies prior to John, then the following will be carried out:
$10,000 from John’s Chase Bank savings account plus any monies held jointly or individually by Jane at Fubar Bank will be given to her son who resides in.
If Jane and John divorce, separate, or annul their marriage for any reason or cause then Jane agrees to accept the following as the full and complete financial settlement:
- All the furniture, clothing, and other personal items that were normally in her bedroom.
- The automobile held in her name. The automobile that she might drive will be titled in her name. It is assumed that Jane will be the holder of a valid Michigan driver’s license for this item to be carried out and will be responsible to make the remaining lease or loan payments (if any).
This agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and may be modified only in a writing executed by both John and Jane.
In the event it is determined that a provision of this agreement is invalid because it is contrary to applicable law, that provision is deemed separable from the rest of the agreement, such that the remainder of the agreement remains valid and enforceable.
A dispute regarding this agreement will be resolved by reference to the laws of Michigan.
This agreement will take effect immediately upon the solemnization of John and Jane’s marriage.
Document Translated to Mandarin Chinese
婚前協議書
本人John Doe (以下簡稱John),是一個三十三歲離婚的美國公民,正計劃與一個已進婚的三十八歲中國籍女子,都秀梅(以下簡稱Jane)結為夫妻。
Jane持有一張RB1/B2旅遊簽証入境美國,其簽發日期是二○一四年八月一日,原本訪美的目的是來看望她住在密西根州Elsewhere, 與美國公民結婚的妹妹。
透過Jill的安排和策劃,John和Jane在「Match.com」這個以互聯網為基礎的約會網站上認識。二人在二○一五年夏天見過2-3次面,後來John去了佛州過冬,一直到二○一六年的五月,才和Jane再有聯系。當John向Jill詢問Jane的去向,得知Jane仍在美國,而且有意再與John見面,那時,Jane住在奧克蘭郡的一個中國人家,同時她的美國簽証也過期了,她准備回中國,因為她在這個中國家庭擔任照顧小孩和家管的工作也結束了,在她工作的這段期間,本人和Jane約會僅限于她一個月內休假的四天當中,John也開始瞭解她的情況和她期望留在美國的意願,經過這段時間的交往,John發現Jane的個性和性情很好,也喜歡和她相處,所以兩人選繼續交往。
在2016年7月1日,John為了解決Jane在美國居留身份問題(因她的簽証已過期)安排並支付了一次向一個雙語移民律尋求解決方案的金額,Jane, Jill和John都在這次會談中出席。透過婚姻關係,唯然她成為最直接的解決方案,Jane自從2016年9月中旬辭去家管的工作後,便和John同居。此時,她正透過中國親人幫忙取得與前夫離婚的証書。而我們之間夫妻式的日常生活關係是誠懇的。當,然語言的隔閡是一個障礙,Jane已經很勤奮地在學習英文。
John此生唯一的婚姻在2004年10月1日結束,就沒打算再婚,而目前為了留下Jane在他的生命中,他願再婚,但是上次離婚所經歷在財務上的震撼,使他嚴重關切。因此,為了確保他子女未來的遺產,也為了認同Jane成為他未來人生中的重要環節,John感覺成立婚前協議書是不可或缺的。
在闡明婚前協議事中財務部份之前,John的婚姻一旦生效其所產生給Jane的福利:
- Jane將踏上成為美公民的途徑。因擁有綠卡,可享有支取美國政府福利的權利。此外,將來她也有權利申請家人移民美國。
- 一旦John去逝,Jane可支取社會保障倖存者福利金。
- Jane無需向John揭露或分享她在中國的資產。
- 因為John出錢大力支持Jane進修英語,他本為教育人士,使Jane在學習英語的聽力、會話力和書寫力上受惠無窮。
- 一旦婚姻成立,Jane不會在財務上作任何貢獻,而John必需提供幾乎所有兩人婚後的經濟來源,John所擁有的動產和不動產是John婚前多年工作的累積加上遺產的繼承。
- 值得一提的是,Jane要求John的部份收入現在就匯給她在中國的親人而非為她保留到日後。
John意識到成為一個「綠卡丈夫」有感情和財務上來來潛在的風險,加上語言溝通上的困難和文化差異,John的親戚、朋友’John本身也將這些關於納入他的思考過程中,他希望他和Jane能克服這些風險而有一個美好的婚姻。
但若事與願違,這份協議書不但可派上用場,作為善後的指南,而且在我們兩人過世後,對我們所擁有的資產作出有效分配的依據。
John珍視Jane,因她可能成為他的妻子,也因此在訂立協議書的必要性希望獲得她的理解和認同。
Jane, Jill和John四週內已對此合同進行研討,John在他可行的範圍內作了一些修正,但也回絕了一些調整的要求,現在就看Jane決定接受與否。我要提醒Jane在作決定前,可自由物色她個人的律師並向他/她諮詢。
應當注意的是(除了下方另有的規定),John和Jane放棄以下權利。
- 一方過世後,分享另一方的遺產。
- 暫時性或永久性的支付夫妻膳養費。
- 一方分享另一方獨立財產增值部份。
- 一方分享另一方的撫恤金或其他退休賬戶存款。
- 對當事人的單獨財產的分瓜,無論是目前持有的還是之後收購的。
如果John早于Jane先去世(而兩人仍是在夫妻的婚姻中),Jane可從John的遺產結算中獲取:
- 任何或所有大通銀行(Fubar Bank)中,John名下的存款或是John與Jane的聯合帳戶中的存款。這些帳戶的兌值將是美金100,000元或更多。如果因某種原因,兌的遺產存款額少于美金100,000元,其差額將由John的遺產結算中補足。
- 在John和Jane結婚後,從Jane的母去世開始,或從Jane成為美國公民時開始(選先發生者),John每月拿出他財產中的百分之0.0025給Jane,這份金額會從John的Dowecheatem IRA(個人退休帳戶)存款中轉入為Jane開的個人退休帳戶中付給Jane的兌累積金額上限是John財產(除去負債和花費)百分之三十三。John所剩的遺產(扣除已分給Jane的部份,將平均分配給他唯一兩個親生子女。
- Jane可以擁有在Oakverpriced公寓(或此後在密西根州的其他住宅)裡任何和所有家俱。
- 在她名下的汽車,她會是她將要駕駛的汽車所有人,此項條款生效的先決條件是Jane能夠拿到一個有效的密西根州駕駛執照。
如果Jane在John之前去世,下列項目將被執行:
John在(Fubar Bank)大通銀行儲蓄存款帳戶中的美金10,000元加上John和Jane聯名帳戶中的存款或Jane個人帳戶中的存款將歸給她住在中國的兒子。
不論任何理由或原因,如果Jane和John離婚分居,或宣告他們的婚姻無效,Jane將同意且接受以下全面和完整的財務清算:
- 所有通常處置在她卧房中的傢俱、衣物和其他個人物品。
- 註冊在她名下的汽車。她以後將開的汽車、其所有權狀上,會是她的名字。這條款的執行先決條件是Jane能拿到一個有效的密西根州駕照,若這輛車當時仍在租賃或貸款中,她有責任繼續付款。
本協議是各方的完整協議,任何修改只可經由John和Jane以書面形式來執行。
若本協議中的某一條款因違反實行法律而失效。此條款應可被踢除,以確保所有其他條款的有效性和執行性。
任何有關執行上的爭議必定訴諸于密西根的法律來解決。
本協議在John和Jane的婚禮後立即生效。